1.2.3.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM)Hartmut Gobel2018-01-30T12:23:23+00:00
Description:
Migraine with aura including motor weakness, and at least one first- or second-degree relative has migraine aura including motor weakness.
Diagnostic criteria:
- Attacks fulfilling criteria for 1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraine
- At least one first- or second-degree relative has had attacks fulfilling criteria for 1.2.3 Hemiplegic migraine.
Comments:
New genetic data have allowed a more precise definition of 1.2.3.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine than was previously possible. Specific genetic subforms have been identified: in FHM1 there are mutations in the CACNA1A gene (coding for a calcium channel) on chromosome 19; in FHM2 there are mutations in the ATP1A2 gene (coding for a K/Na-ATPase) on chromosome 1; and in FHM3 there are mutations in the SCN1A gene (coding for a sodium channel) on chromosome 2. There may be other loci not yet identified. When genetic testing is done, the genetic subform (if discovered) should be specified at the fifth digit.
It has been shown that 1.2.3.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine very often presents with brainstem symptoms in addition to the typical aura symptoms, and that headache almost always occurs. Rarely, during FHM attacks, disturbances of consciousness (sometimes including coma), confusion, fever and CSF pleocytosis can occur.
1.2.3.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine may be mistaken for epilepsy and treated (unsuccessfully) as such. FHM attacks can be triggered by (mild) head trauma. In approximately 50% of FHM families, chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia occurs independently of the migraine attacks.