Diagnostic criteria:
- Either of the following:
- a single headache episode fulfilling criteria B-D
- at least two headache episodes fulfilling criterion B and either of criteria C and D
- Brought on by and occurring only in association with coughing, straining and/or other Valsalva manœuvre
- Sudden onset
- Lasting between 1 second and 2 hours
- Not fulfilling ICHD-3 criteria for any other headache disorder
- Not better accounted for by another ICHD-3 diagnosis.